輸入資料

ufc = read.csv('/Users/mac/Desktop/ufcData_Eason.csv')

專有名詞解釋

Guard Passing - 過防,施技以突破對手防守狀態。
Reversal - 從劣勢位轉到優勢位。
Strike - 打擊,也就是朝對手進行攻擊。 Significance Strike - 遠距攻擊、擒抱時的重擊以及地面戰時的重擊皆會被計入Significance Strike。
Submission - 使用手腳拍地、口頭表達,來告知裁判投降該比賽。
Takedown - 摔技,將對手摔到地面的一種技巧。
Clinch - 擒抱。
Knockdown - 擊倒,將對手打倒在地使其經一段時間仍無法起身。與Knockout不同,Knockdown後對手仍有意識,因此比賽繼續進行。Knockout則是打到對手直接失去意識,使比賽結束。因此,一場比賽可以有很多個Knockdown,卻只有一個Knockout。

變數解釋

B, R - 標於某些變數名稱前方,表示藍方選手以及紅方選手。
avg_PASS - 歷史場均過防次數。
avg_REV - 歷史場均Reversal次數。
avg_SIG_STR_att - 歷史場均Significance Strike嘗試次數。
avg_SIG_STR_landed - 歷史場均Significance Strike成功次數。
avg_SIG_STR_pct - 歷史場均Significance Strike成功率。
avg_SUB_att - 歷史場均投降次數。
avg_TD_att - 歷史場均嘗試摔技次數。
avg_TD_landed - 歷史場均摔技成功次數。
avg_TD_pct - 歷史場均摔技成功率。
avg_TOTAL_STR_att - 歷史場均嘗試打擊次數。
avg_TOTAL_STR_landed - 歷史場均打擊成功次數。
longest_win_streak - 最長連勝紀錄。
loses - 總戰敗場數。
avg_opp_BODY_att - 歷史場均被對手嘗試朝身體進行Significance Strike的次數。
avg_opp_BODY_landed - 歷史場均被對手成功朝身體進行Significance Strike的次數。
avg_opp_CLINCH_att - 歷史場均被對手嘗試在擒抱時進行Significance Strike的次數。
avg_opp_CLINCH_landed - 歷史場均被對手成功在擒抱時進行Significance Strike的次數。
avg_opp_DISTANCE_att - 歷史場均被對手嘗試在遠距離時進行Significance Strike的次數。
avg_opp_DISTANCE_landed - 歷史場均被對手成功在遠距離時進行Significance Strike的次數。
avg_opp_GROUND_att - 歷史場均被對手嘗試在地面時進行Significance Strike的次數。
avg_opp_GROUND_landed - 歷史場均被對手成功在地面時進行Significance Strike的次數。
avg_opp_HEAD_att - 歷史場均被對手嘗試朝頭部進行Significance Strike的次數。
avg_opp_HEAD_landed - 歷史場均被對手成功朝頭部進行Significance Strike的次數。
avg_opp_KD - 歷史場均被對手擊倒次數。
avg_opp_LEG_att - 歷史場均被對手嘗試朝腿部進行Significance Strike的次數。

資料集摘要

前10筆資料

head(ufc,n=10)
##    B_avg_PASS  B_avg_REV B_avg_SIG_STR_att B_avg_SIG_STR_landed
## 1   0.4000000 0.00000000          65.40000             22.60000
## 2   0.8000000 0.00000000         138.90000             51.30000
## 3   0.9354839 0.09677419          97.00000             46.77419
## 4   0.5000000 0.25000000         136.25000             70.25000
## 5   0.0000000 0.00000000         203.50000             61.50000
## 6   1.3333333 0.16666667         160.16667             75.16667
## 7   0.5833333 0.08333333          96.08333             41.50000
## 8   0.2500000 0.25000000         126.25000             53.75000
## 9   0.0000000 0.00000000         135.50000             56.25000
## 10  0.1000000 0.10000000         146.20000             74.30000
##    B_avg_SIG_STR_pct B_avg_SUB_ATT B_avg_TD_att B_avg_TD_landed B_avg_TD_pct
## 1          0.4660000     0.4000000    0.8000000       0.2000000    0.1000000
## 2          0.3990000     0.7000000    1.0000000       0.5000000    0.2250000
## 3          0.4961290     0.3548387    2.1612903       0.6774194    0.2954839
## 4          0.5500000     0.2500000    2.5000000       1.2500000    0.2875000
## 5          0.3100000     0.0000000    0.0000000       0.0000000    0.0000000
## 6          0.4700000     0.6666667    0.8333333       0.3333333    0.2500000
## 7          0.4991667     0.6666667    2.7500000       0.5833333    0.2333333
## 8          0.5025000     0.2500000    0.5000000       0.2500000    0.1250000
## 9          0.4200000     0.0000000    1.5000000       0.5000000    0.1650000
## 10         0.4800000     0.0000000    0.8000000       0.3000000    0.2500000
##    B_avg_TOTAL_STR_att B_avg_TOTAL_STR_landed B_longest_win_streak B_losses
## 1              66.4000               23.60000                    4        1
## 2             158.7000               69.60000                    3        6
## 3             103.7097               52.54839                    8        8
## 4             154.7500               86.75000                    4        0
## 5             204.0000               62.00000                    1        1
## 6             183.5000               95.66667                    4        2
## 7             102.6667               47.50000                    4        4
## 8             165.5000               87.50000                    1        2
## 9             139.2500               59.00000                    2        1
## 10            159.0000               85.80000                    1        6
##    B_avg_opp_BODY_att B_avg_opp_BODY_landed B_avg_opp_CLINCH_att
## 1             6.40000              4.000000             1.000000
## 2            13.00000              9.300000            12.800000
## 3            17.90323             11.870968             8.419355
## 4            12.25000              6.000000             6.000000
## 5            42.50000             23.500000             0.500000
## 6            12.00000              7.333333             9.666667
## 7            13.16667              7.250000             2.666667
## 8            18.75000             10.500000             8.000000
## 9            20.75000             13.250000             4.750000
## 10           29.70000             16.300000            21.300000
##    B_avg_opp_CLINCH_landed B_avg_opp_DISTANCE_att B_avg_opp_DISTANCE_landed
## 1                 0.600000               51.20000                  17.40000
## 2                 9.600000              101.70000                  32.00000
## 3                 5.838710               84.54839                  38.06452
## 4                 3.750000               94.25000                  26.75000
## 5                 0.500000              205.00000                  89.50000
## 6                 7.000000               95.16667                  38.33333
## 7                 1.333333              103.16667                  41.66667
## 8                 6.250000              101.00000                  27.00000
## 9                 2.000000              162.50000                  72.50000
## 10               11.900000              168.20000                  52.00000
##    B_avg_opp_GROUND_att B_avg_opp_GROUND_landed B_avg_opp_HEAD_att
## 1              0.600000               0.2000000           39.60000
## 2              8.100000               6.9000000           97.70000
## 3              1.741935               0.9354839           67.64516
## 4              1.750000               1.2500000           82.50000
## 5              0.000000               0.0000000          152.50000
## 6              5.166667               3.5000000           86.66667
## 7              1.666667               1.1666667           88.83333
## 8              4.750000               3.5000000           90.00000
## 9              0.000000               0.0000000          123.50000
## 10             1.700000               1.2000000          149.50000
##    B_avg_opp_HEAD_landed B_avg_opp_KD B_avg_opp_LEG_att R_avg_PASS  R_avg_REV
## 1                9.40000    0.2000000           6.80000  1.2000000 0.00000000
## 2               30.80000    0.1000000          11.90000  1.7142857 0.14285714
## 3               25.48387    0.2258065           9.16129  0.3333333 0.13333333
## 4               21.50000    0.2500000           7.25000  0.1250000 0.00000000
## 5               56.50000    0.0000000          10.50000  0.2500000 0.00000000
## 6               33.16667    0.0000000          11.33333  7.7500000 0.00000000
## 7               32.33333    0.0000000           5.50000  1.5000000 0.08333333
## 8               23.50000    0.0000000           5.00000  0.7777778 0.11111111
## 9               42.75000    0.0000000          23.00000  0.6666667 0.40000000
## 10              38.70000    0.0000000          12.00000  0.0000000 0.00000000
##    R_avg_SIG_STR_att R_avg_SIG_STR_landed R_avg_SIG_STR_pct R_avg_SUB_ATT
## 1           101.4000             44.00000         0.4660000     0.1000000
## 2           115.8571             59.42857         0.5757143     0.4285714
## 3           124.3333             55.46667         0.4300000     1.0000000
## 4           111.7500             45.75000         0.3662500     0.0000000
## 5            62.2500             32.50000         0.5450000     0.0000000
## 6            58.0000             42.75000         0.6375000     0.5000000
## 7           102.6667             52.25000         0.4900000     0.7500000
## 8           187.1111             73.55556         0.3800000     0.0000000
## 9            68.4000             32.26667         0.4780000     0.6666667
## 10          256.3333            105.66667         0.4033333     0.0000000
##    R_avg_TD_att R_avg_TD_landed R_avg_TD_pct R_avg_TOTAL_STR_att
## 1     5.3000000       1.9000000   0.45800000            129.9000
## 2     5.1428571       2.4285714   0.60142857            161.5714
## 3     0.9333333       0.4000000   0.27733333            133.0000
## 4     2.2500000       0.6250000   0.10375000            117.3750
## 5     0.5000000       0.0000000   0.00000000             63.5000
## 6     5.5000000       4.5000000   0.81750000            101.5000
## 7     5.3333333       1.7500000   0.41750000            138.3333
## 8     0.7777778       0.1111111   0.05555556            211.2222
## 9     3.7333333       1.0666667   0.30133333             80.0000
## 10    0.3333333       0.0000000   0.00000000            260.6667
##    R_avg_TOTAL_STR_landed R_longest_win_streak R_losses R_avg_opp_BODY_att
## 1                69.10000                    4        2          13.300000
## 2               102.85714                    2        2          24.571429
## 3                63.40000                   11        1          14.466667
## 4                50.75000                    5        2          20.250000
## 5                32.75000                    3        1           6.250000
## 6                80.50000                    4        0           3.000000
## 7                85.75000                    4        3           8.916667
## 8                95.00000                    3        4          26.222222
## 9                43.53333                    4        5           9.000000
## 10              109.00000                    3        0          21.333333
##    R_avg_opp_BODY_landed R_avg_opp_CLINCH_att R_avg_opp_CLINCH_landed
## 1               8.800000             7.500000               5.1000000
## 2              14.142857            10.571429               7.8571429
## 3               8.133333             2.800000               0.7333333
## 4              13.375000             6.875000               5.6250000
## 5               4.750000             4.500000               3.5000000
## 6               2.250000             3.500000               3.0000000
## 7               4.666667             5.750000               4.0000000
## 8              14.666667            20.555556              14.1111111
## 9               5.800000             7.466667               5.1333333
## 10             11.333333            10.000000               6.0000000
##    R_avg_opp_DISTANCE_att R_avg_opp_DISTANCE_landed R_avg_opp_GROUND_att
## 1                90.50000                  26.80000             0.800000
## 2                98.57143                  32.57143             6.428571
## 3                91.06667                  32.20000             4.866667
## 4               103.12500                  38.50000             0.875000
## 5                42.75000                  16.25000             7.750000
## 6                 5.75000                   2.00000             2.000000
## 7                51.00000                  12.91667             1.833333
## 8               133.11111                  51.66667             1.666667
## 9                59.86667                  21.26667             3.466667
## 10              175.33333                  53.00000             3.666667
##    R_avg_opp_GROUND_landed R_avg_opp_HEAD_att R_avg_opp_HEAD_landed
## 1                 0.300000           76.10000             17.300000
## 2                 4.285714           61.85714             12.428571
## 3                 2.800000           78.26667             23.200000
## 4                 0.750000           77.37500             20.375000
## 5                 2.750000           43.25000             14.000000
## 6                 1.500000            8.00000              4.000000
## 7                 1.166667           43.41667              8.916667
## 8                 1.555556          110.11111             38.222222
## 9                 2.866667           56.13333             19.266667
## 10                1.666667          160.00000             42.333333
##    R_avg_opp_KD R_avg_opp_LEG_att
## 1     0.1000000          9.400000
## 2     0.0000000         29.142857
## 3     0.2666667          6.000000
## 4     0.1250000         13.250000
## 5     0.2500000          5.500000
## 6     0.0000000          0.250000
## 7     0.2500000          6.250000
## 8     0.1111111         19.000000
## 9     0.2000000          5.666667
## 10    0.0000000          7.666667

變數型態

str(ufc)
## 'data.frame':    5144 obs. of  50 variables:
##  $ B_avg_PASS               : num  0.4 0.8 0.935 0.5 0 ...
##  $ B_avg_REV                : num  0 0 0.0968 0.25 0 ...
##  $ B_avg_SIG_STR_att        : num  65.4 138.9 97 136.2 203.5 ...
##  $ B_avg_SIG_STR_landed     : num  22.6 51.3 46.8 70.2 61.5 ...
##  $ B_avg_SIG_STR_pct        : num  0.466 0.399 0.496 0.55 0.31 ...
##  $ B_avg_SUB_ATT            : num  0.4 0.7 0.355 0.25 0 ...
##  $ B_avg_TD_att             : num  0.8 1 2.16 2.5 0 ...
##  $ B_avg_TD_landed          : num  0.2 0.5 0.677 1.25 0 ...
##  $ B_avg_TD_pct             : num  0.1 0.225 0.295 0.287 0 ...
##  $ B_avg_TOTAL_STR_att      : num  66.4 158.7 103.7 154.8 204 ...
##  $ B_avg_TOTAL_STR_landed   : num  23.6 69.6 52.5 86.8 62 ...
##  $ B_longest_win_streak     : int  4 3 8 4 1 4 4 1 2 1 ...
##  $ B_losses                 : int  1 6 8 0 1 2 4 2 1 6 ...
##  $ B_avg_opp_BODY_att       : num  6.4 13 17.9 12.2 42.5 ...
##  $ B_avg_opp_BODY_landed    : num  4 9.3 11.9 6 23.5 ...
##  $ B_avg_opp_CLINCH_att     : num  1 12.8 8.42 6 0.5 ...
##  $ B_avg_opp_CLINCH_landed  : num  0.6 9.6 5.84 3.75 0.5 ...
##  $ B_avg_opp_DISTANCE_att   : num  51.2 101.7 84.5 94.2 205 ...
##  $ B_avg_opp_DISTANCE_landed: num  17.4 32 38.1 26.8 89.5 ...
##  $ B_avg_opp_GROUND_att     : num  0.6 8.1 1.74 1.75 0 ...
##  $ B_avg_opp_GROUND_landed  : num  0.2 6.9 0.935 1.25 0 ...
##  $ B_avg_opp_HEAD_att       : num  39.6 97.7 67.6 82.5 152.5 ...
##  $ B_avg_opp_HEAD_landed    : num  9.4 30.8 25.5 21.5 56.5 ...
##  $ B_avg_opp_KD             : num  0.2 0.1 0.226 0.25 0 ...
##  $ B_avg_opp_LEG_att        : num  6.8 11.9 9.16 7.25 10.5 ...
##  $ R_avg_PASS               : num  1.2 1.714 0.333 0.125 0.25 ...
##  $ R_avg_REV                : num  0 0.143 0.133 0 0 ...
##  $ R_avg_SIG_STR_att        : num  101.4 115.9 124.3 111.8 62.2 ...
##  $ R_avg_SIG_STR_landed     : num  44 59.4 55.5 45.8 32.5 ...
##  $ R_avg_SIG_STR_pct        : num  0.466 0.576 0.43 0.366 0.545 ...
##  $ R_avg_SUB_ATT            : num  0.1 0.429 1 0 0 ...
##  $ R_avg_TD_att             : num  5.3 5.143 0.933 2.25 0.5 ...
##  $ R_avg_TD_landed          : num  1.9 2.429 0.4 0.625 0 ...
##  $ R_avg_TD_pct             : num  0.458 0.601 0.277 0.104 0 ...
##  $ R_avg_TOTAL_STR_att      : num  129.9 161.6 133 117.4 63.5 ...
##  $ R_avg_TOTAL_STR_landed   : num  69.1 102.9 63.4 50.8 32.8 ...
##  $ R_longest_win_streak     : int  4 2 11 5 3 4 4 3 4 3 ...
##  $ R_losses                 : int  2 2 1 2 1 0 3 4 5 0 ...
##  $ R_avg_opp_BODY_att       : num  13.3 24.57 14.47 20.25 6.25 ...
##  $ R_avg_opp_BODY_landed    : num  8.8 14.14 8.13 13.38 4.75 ...
##  $ R_avg_opp_CLINCH_att     : num  7.5 10.57 2.8 6.88 4.5 ...
##  $ R_avg_opp_CLINCH_landed  : num  5.1 7.857 0.733 5.625 3.5 ...
##  $ R_avg_opp_DISTANCE_att   : num  90.5 98.6 91.1 103.1 42.8 ...
##  $ R_avg_opp_DISTANCE_landed: num  26.8 32.6 32.2 38.5 16.2 ...
##  $ R_avg_opp_GROUND_att     : num  0.8 6.429 4.867 0.875 7.75 ...
##  $ R_avg_opp_GROUND_landed  : num  0.3 4.29 2.8 0.75 2.75 ...
##  $ R_avg_opp_HEAD_att       : num  76.1 61.9 78.3 77.4 43.2 ...
##  $ R_avg_opp_HEAD_landed    : num  17.3 12.4 23.2 20.4 14 ...
##  $ R_avg_opp_KD             : num  0.1 0 0.267 0.125 0.25 ...
##  $ R_avg_opp_LEG_att        : num  9.4 29.1 6 13.2 5.5 ...

摘要統計量

summary(ufc)
##    B_avg_PASS       B_avg_REV      B_avg_SIG_STR_att B_avg_SIG_STR_landed
##  Min.   : 0.000   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :  0.00    Min.   :  0.00      
##  1st Qu.: 0.200   1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.: 38.50    1st Qu.: 17.25      
##  Median : 1.000   Median :0.0000   Median : 63.00    Median : 28.26      
##  Mean   : 1.278   Mean   :0.1692   Mean   : 70.15    Mean   : 30.66      
##  3rd Qu.: 1.879   3rd Qu.:0.2500   3rd Qu.: 94.53    3rd Qu.: 40.83      
##  Max.   :15.000   Max.   :3.0000   Max.   :299.00    Max.   :154.00      
##  NA's   :1265     NA's   :1265     NA's   :1265      NA's   :1265        
##  B_avg_SIG_STR_pct B_avg_SUB_ATT     B_avg_TD_att     B_avg_TD_landed
##  Min.   :0.0000    Min.   :0.0000   Min.   : 0.0000   Min.   : 0.00  
##  1st Qu.:0.3875    1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.: 0.8819   1st Qu.: 0.25  
##  Median :0.4550    Median :0.3333   Median : 2.0000   Median : 1.00  
##  Mean   :0.4563    Mean   :0.5481   Mean   : 2.8049   Mean   : 1.19  
##  3rd Qu.:0.5240    3rd Qu.:0.9000   3rd Qu.: 4.0000   3rd Qu.: 1.75  
##  Max.   :1.0000    Max.   :8.0000   Max.   :19.0000   Max.   :10.00  
##  NA's   :1265      NA's   :1265     NA's   :1265      NA's   :1265   
##   B_avg_TD_pct    B_avg_TOTAL_STR_att B_avg_TOTAL_STR_landed
##  Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :  0.00      Min.   :  0.00        
##  1st Qu.:0.1000   1st Qu.: 57.78      1st Qu.: 31.00        
##  Median :0.3000   Median : 87.50      Median : 47.67        
##  Mean   :0.3155   Mean   : 92.64      Mean   : 50.71        
##  3rd Qu.:0.4861   3rd Qu.:122.65      3rd Qu.: 66.50        
##  Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :360.00      Max.   :230.00        
##  NA's   :1265     NA's   :1265        NA's   :1265          
##  B_longest_win_streak    B_losses      B_avg_opp_BODY_att B_avg_opp_BODY_landed
##  Min.   : 0.000       Min.   : 0.000   Min.   : 0.000     Min.   : 0.000       
##  1st Qu.: 0.000       1st Qu.: 0.000   1st Qu.: 3.358     1st Qu.: 2.333       
##  Median : 1.000       Median : 1.000   Median : 7.000     Median : 4.600       
##  Mean   : 1.588       Mean   : 1.464   Mean   : 8.297     Mean   : 5.639       
##  3rd Qu.: 2.000       3rd Qu.: 2.000   3rd Qu.:11.639     3rd Qu.: 7.714       
##  Max.   :16.000       Max.   :13.000   Max.   :61.000     Max.   :48.000       
##                                        NA's   :1265       NA's   :1265         
##  B_avg_opp_CLINCH_att B_avg_opp_CLINCH_landed B_avg_opp_DISTANCE_att
##  Min.   :  0.000      Min.   : 0.000          Min.   :  0.00        
##  1st Qu.:  2.857      1st Qu.: 1.667          1st Qu.: 21.41        
##  Median :  5.909      Median : 3.667          Median : 43.67        
##  Mean   :  7.455      Mean   : 4.922          Mean   : 51.88        
##  3rd Qu.: 10.000      3rd Qu.: 6.667          3rd Qu.: 71.78        
##  Max.   :105.000      Max.   :84.000          Max.   :361.00        
##  NA's   :1265         NA's   :1265            NA's   :1265          
##  B_avg_opp_DISTANCE_landed B_avg_opp_GROUND_att B_avg_opp_GROUND_landed
##  Min.   :  0.00            Min.   : 0.000       Min.   : 0.000         
##  1st Qu.:  7.00            1st Qu.: 1.667       1st Qu.: 1.000         
##  Median : 14.67            Median : 4.714       Median : 3.000         
##  Mean   : 18.23            Mean   : 7.100       Mean   : 4.633         
##  3rd Qu.: 25.32            3rd Qu.: 9.454       3rd Qu.: 6.000         
##  Max.   :150.00            Max.   :94.000       Max.   :84.000         
##  NA's   :1265              NA's   :1265         NA's   :1265           
##  B_avg_opp_HEAD_att B_avg_opp_HEAD_landed  B_avg_opp_KD    B_avg_opp_LEG_att
##  Min.   :  0.00     Min.   :  0.000       Min.   :0.0000   Min.   : 0.000   
##  1st Qu.: 27.00     1st Qu.:  8.857       1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.: 2.143   
##  Median : 46.57     Median : 15.000       Median :0.0000   Median : 4.800   
##  Mean   : 52.09     Mean   : 17.368       Mean   :0.1609   Mean   : 6.048   
##  3rd Qu.: 69.20     3rd Qu.: 23.000       3rd Qu.:0.2500   3rd Qu.: 8.114   
##  Max.   :335.00     Max.   :126.000       Max.   :3.0000   Max.   :57.000   
##  NA's   :1265       NA's   :1265          NA's   :1265     NA's   :1265     
##    R_avg_PASS        R_avg_REV      R_avg_SIG_STR_att R_avg_SIG_STR_landed
##  Min.   : 0.0000   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :  0.00    Min.   :  0.00      
##  1st Qu.: 0.3333   1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.: 42.52    1st Qu.: 19.50      
##  Median : 1.0000   Median :0.0000   Median : 64.18    Median : 28.71      
##  Mean   : 1.4136   Mean   :0.1533   Mean   : 71.31    Mean   : 31.40      
##  3rd Qu.: 2.0000   3rd Qu.:0.2133   3rd Qu.: 95.25    3rd Qu.: 41.50      
##  Max.   :14.0000   Max.   :3.0000   Max.   :298.50    Max.   :141.00      
##  NA's   :650       NA's   :650      NA's   :650       NA's   :650         
##  R_avg_SIG_STR_pct R_avg_SUB_ATT     R_avg_TD_att    R_avg_TD_landed 
##  Min.   :0.0000    Min.   :0.0000   Min.   : 0.000   Min.   : 0.000  
##  1st Qu.:0.3933    1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.: 1.000   1st Qu.: 0.375  
##  Median :0.4570    Median :0.3750   Median : 2.333   Median : 1.000  
##  Mean   :0.4638    Mean   :0.5431   Mean   : 3.027   Mean   : 1.305  
##  3rd Qu.:0.5300    3rd Qu.:0.8451   3rd Qu.: 4.333   3rd Qu.: 2.000  
##  Max.   :1.0000    Max.   :9.0000   Max.   :30.000   Max.   :11.000  
##  NA's   :650       NA's   :650      NA's   :650      NA's   :650     
##   R_avg_TD_pct    R_avg_TOTAL_STR_att R_avg_TOTAL_STR_landed
##  Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :  0.00      Min.   :  0.00        
##  1st Qu.:0.1650   1st Qu.: 61.16      1st Qu.: 33.61        
##  Median :0.3221   Median : 89.79      Median : 48.52        
##  Mean   :0.3336   Mean   : 93.84      Mean   : 51.52        
##  3rd Qu.:0.4900   3rd Qu.:121.00      3rd Qu.: 65.40        
##  Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :325.50      Max.   :202.50        
##  NA's   :650      NA's   :650         NA's   :650           
##  R_longest_win_streak    R_losses      R_avg_opp_BODY_att R_avg_opp_BODY_landed
##  Min.   : 0.000       Min.   : 0.000   Min.   : 0.000     Min.   : 0.000       
##  1st Qu.: 1.000       1st Qu.: 0.000   1st Qu.: 3.600     1st Qu.: 2.500       
##  Median : 2.000       Median : 1.000   Median : 7.000     Median : 4.800       
##  Mean   : 2.254       Mean   : 1.951   Mean   : 8.157     Mean   : 5.499       
##  3rd Qu.: 3.000       3rd Qu.: 3.000   3rd Qu.:11.495     3rd Qu.: 7.500       
##  Max.   :16.000       Max.   :14.000   Max.   :75.000     Max.   :41.000       
##                                        NA's   :650        NA's   :650          
##  R_avg_opp_CLINCH_att R_avg_opp_CLINCH_landed R_avg_opp_DISTANCE_att
##  Min.   : 0.000       Min.   : 0.000          Min.   :  0.00        
##  1st Qu.: 3.000       1st Qu.: 2.000          1st Qu.: 23.50        
##  Median : 6.000       Median : 3.833          Median : 45.00        
##  Mean   : 7.345       Mean   : 4.813          Mean   : 52.16        
##  3rd Qu.: 9.744       3rd Qu.: 6.352          3rd Qu.: 73.00        
##  Max.   :82.000       Max.   :51.000          Max.   :440.00        
##  NA's   :650          NA's   :650             NA's   :650           
##  R_avg_opp_DISTANCE_landed R_avg_opp_GROUND_att R_avg_opp_GROUND_landed
##  Min.   :  0.00            Min.   :  0.000      Min.   : 0.000         
##  1st Qu.:  7.50            1st Qu.:  1.750      1st Qu.: 1.000         
##  Median : 14.81            Median :  4.750      Median : 3.000         
##  Mean   : 17.89            Mean   :  6.611      Mean   : 4.273         
##  3rd Qu.: 25.00            3rd Qu.:  9.000      3rd Qu.: 5.893         
##  Max.   :144.00            Max.   :104.000      Max.   :53.000         
##  NA's   :650               NA's   :650          NA's   :650            
##  R_avg_opp_HEAD_att R_avg_opp_HEAD_landed  R_avg_opp_KD   R_avg_opp_LEG_att
##  Min.   :  0.00     Min.   :  0.00        Min.   :0.000   Min.   : 0.000   
##  1st Qu.: 28.25     1st Qu.:  9.00        1st Qu.:0.000   1st Qu.: 2.431   
##  Median : 46.67     Median : 14.83        Median :0.000   Median : 4.931   
##  Mean   : 52.00     Mean   : 16.86        Mean   :0.154   Mean   : 5.958   
##  3rd Qu.: 69.33     3rd Qu.: 22.48        3rd Qu.:0.250   3rd Qu.: 8.000   
##  Max.   :400.00     Max.   :132.00        Max.   :3.000   Max.   :63.000   
##  NA's   :650        NA's   :650           NA's   :650     NA's   :650

觀察各變數的摘要統計量,可發現以下3個狀況:

  1. 每個變數的最小值皆為0,推測是有些比賽為選手的生涯首戰,因此相關的數據皆為0。
  2. 有些與攻擊相關的變數如’avg_TOTAL_STR_att’, ’avg_SIG_STR_att’其最大值達到300(平均值則在100內),也就是選手在一場比賽嘗試向對手出拳300次。該值是否為離群值,需進一步觀察該場比賽的資料以及查閱相關新聞。
  3. 與藍方有關的變數,除了’longest_win_streak’以及’loses’外,其餘皆有遺失值,且都遺失了1265個觀察值;與紅方有關的變數,除了’longest_win_streak’以及’loses’外,其餘皆有遺失值,且都遺失了650個觀察值。

載入Package ‘DataExplorer’

library('DataExplorer')

單變量分析

plot_histogram(ufc,nrow = 5,ncol = 4)

由直方圖可發現,無論是與進攻還是防守有關的變數,幾乎都呈右偏分佈。與進攻有關的變數,推測是因為只有極少數選手的實力強到能在比賽中完全壓制對方而不斷進攻,所以進攻次數或嘗試進攻次數分佈的右尾特別長。與防守有關的變數,可分成兩類來看。第一類為“歷史場均被對手…的次數”,這類變數其實只要調換立場站在對手的角度來看,就會變成與進攻有關的變數,其呈現右偏的理由就如前所述。第二類為’avg_REV’, ’avg_SUB_att’這兩個變數,其數值為0的頻率皆為最高,且數值範圍皆不大(’avg_REV’幾乎都在1以內,’avg_SUB_att’幾乎都在2以內),推測是因為:
a. 選手要從劣勢位轉到優勢位並不是簡單的事。
b. 選手不會輕易要求投降,就算要求投降,裁判也很少在選手提出超過2次投降要求後還不結束比賽的。
造成分佈呈現右偏。

plot_qq(ufc,nrow = 5,ncol = 4)
## Warning: Removed 22770 rows containing non-finite values (stat_qq).
## Warning: Removed 22770 rows containing non-finite values (stat_qq_line).

## Warning: Removed 14775 rows containing non-finite values (stat_qq).
## Warning: Removed 14775 rows containing non-finite values (stat_qq_line).

## Warning: Removed 6500 rows containing non-finite values (stat_qq).
## Warning: Removed 6500 rows containing non-finite values (stat_qq_line).

從分位圖可再次驗證,無論是與進攻還是防守有關的變數,幾乎都呈右偏分佈。

多變量分析

plot_correlation(ufc,cor_args = list( 'use' = 'complete.obs'))

由關聯圖可發現,”Significance Strike嘗試次數“與“Significance Strike成功次數”、“Significance Strike嘗試次數”與“嘗試打擊次數”、“Significance Strike成功次數”與“嘗試打擊次數”這幾對變數毫無疑問有極高度相關,之後或許只需保留其中幾個即可。
此外,“被對手嘗試朝頭部進行Significance Strike的次數”與“被對手嘗試在遠距離時進行Significance Strike的次數”也有極高度相關,推測是有大量在遠距離朝對手頭部進行Significance Strike的事件發生所造成。