UFC 探索性資料分析
輸入資料
ufc = read.csv('/Users/mac/Desktop/ufcData_Eason.csv')專有名詞解釋
Guard Passing - 過防，施技以突破對手防守狀態。
Reversal - 從劣勢位轉到優勢位。
Strike - 打擊，也就是朝對手進行攻擊。 Significance Strike - 遠距攻擊、擒抱時的重擊以及地面戰時的重擊皆會被計入Significance Strike。
Submission - 使用手腳拍地、口頭表達，來告知裁判投降該比賽。
Takedown - 摔技，將對手摔到地面的一種技巧。
Clinch - 擒抱。
Knockdown - 擊倒，將對手打倒在地使其經一段時間仍無法起身。與Knockout不同，Knockdown後對手仍有意識，因此比賽繼續進行。Knockout則是打到對手直接失去意識，使比賽結束。因此，一場比賽可以有很多個Knockdown，卻只有一個Knockout。
變數解釋
B, R - 標於某些變數名稱前方，表示藍方選手以及紅方選手。
avg_PASS - 歷史場均過防次數。
avg_REV - 歷史場均Reversal次數。
avg_SIG_STR_att - 歷史場均Significance Strike嘗試次數。
avg_SIG_STR_landed - 歷史場均Significance Strike成功次數。
avg_SIG_STR_pct - 歷史場均Significance Strike成功率。
avg_SUB_att - 歷史場均投降次數。
avg_TD_att - 歷史場均嘗試摔技次數。
avg_TD_landed - 歷史場均摔技成功次數。
avg_TD_pct - 歷史場均摔技成功率。
avg_TOTAL_STR_att - 歷史場均嘗試打擊次數。
avg_TOTAL_STR_landed - 歷史場均打擊成功次數。
longest_win_streak - 最長連勝紀錄。
loses - 總戰敗場數。
avg_opp_BODY_att - 歷史場均被對手嘗試朝身體進行Significance Strike的次數。
avg_opp_BODY_landed - 歷史場均被對手成功朝身體進行Significance Strike的次數。
avg_opp_CLINCH_att - 歷史場均被對手嘗試在擒抱時進行Significance Strike的次數。
avg_opp_CLINCH_landed - 歷史場均被對手成功在擒抱時進行Significance Strike的次數。
avg_opp_DISTANCE_att - 歷史場均被對手嘗試在遠距離時進行Significance Strike的次數。
avg_opp_DISTANCE_landed - 歷史場均被對手成功在遠距離時進行Significance Strike的次數。
avg_opp_GROUND_att - 歷史場均被對手嘗試在地面時進行Significance Strike的次數。
avg_opp_GROUND_landed - 歷史場均被對手成功在地面時進行Significance Strike的次數。
avg_opp_HEAD_att - 歷史場均被對手嘗試朝頭部進行Significance Strike的次數。
avg_opp_HEAD_landed - 歷史場均被對手成功朝頭部進行Significance Strike的次數。
avg_opp_KD - 歷史場均被對手擊倒次數。
avg_opp_LEG_att - 歷史場均被對手嘗試朝腿部進行Significance Strike的次數。
資料集摘要
前10筆資料
head(ufc,n=10)## B_avg_PASS B_avg_REV B_avg_SIG_STR_att B_avg_SIG_STR_landed
## 1 0.4000000 0.00000000 65.40000 22.60000
## 2 0.8000000 0.00000000 138.90000 51.30000
## 3 0.9354839 0.09677419 97.00000 46.77419
## 4 0.5000000 0.25000000 136.25000 70.25000
## 5 0.0000000 0.00000000 203.50000 61.50000
## 6 1.3333333 0.16666667 160.16667 75.16667
## 7 0.5833333 0.08333333 96.08333 41.50000
## 8 0.2500000 0.25000000 126.25000 53.75000
## 9 0.0000000 0.00000000 135.50000 56.25000
## 10 0.1000000 0.10000000 146.20000 74.30000
## B_avg_SIG_STR_pct B_avg_SUB_ATT B_avg_TD_att B_avg_TD_landed B_avg_TD_pct
## 1 0.4660000 0.4000000 0.8000000 0.2000000 0.1000000
## 2 0.3990000 0.7000000 1.0000000 0.5000000 0.2250000
## 3 0.4961290 0.3548387 2.1612903 0.6774194 0.2954839
## 4 0.5500000 0.2500000 2.5000000 1.2500000 0.2875000
## 5 0.3100000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000
## 6 0.4700000 0.6666667 0.8333333 0.3333333 0.2500000
## 7 0.4991667 0.6666667 2.7500000 0.5833333 0.2333333
## 8 0.5025000 0.2500000 0.5000000 0.2500000 0.1250000
## 9 0.4200000 0.0000000 1.5000000 0.5000000 0.1650000
## 10 0.4800000 0.0000000 0.8000000 0.3000000 0.2500000
## B_avg_TOTAL_STR_att B_avg_TOTAL_STR_landed B_longest_win_streak B_losses
## 1 66.4000 23.60000 4 1
## 2 158.7000 69.60000 3 6
## 3 103.7097 52.54839 8 8
## 4 154.7500 86.75000 4 0
## 5 204.0000 62.00000 1 1
## 6 183.5000 95.66667 4 2
## 7 102.6667 47.50000 4 4
## 8 165.5000 87.50000 1 2
## 9 139.2500 59.00000 2 1
## 10 159.0000 85.80000 1 6
## B_avg_opp_BODY_att B_avg_opp_BODY_landed B_avg_opp_CLINCH_att
## 1 6.40000 4.000000 1.000000
## 2 13.00000 9.300000 12.800000
## 3 17.90323 11.870968 8.419355
## 4 12.25000 6.000000 6.000000
## 5 42.50000 23.500000 0.500000
## 6 12.00000 7.333333 9.666667
## 7 13.16667 7.250000 2.666667
## 8 18.75000 10.500000 8.000000
## 9 20.75000 13.250000 4.750000
## 10 29.70000 16.300000 21.300000
## B_avg_opp_CLINCH_landed B_avg_opp_DISTANCE_att B_avg_opp_DISTANCE_landed
## 1 0.600000 51.20000 17.40000
## 2 9.600000 101.70000 32.00000
## 3 5.838710 84.54839 38.06452
## 4 3.750000 94.25000 26.75000
## 5 0.500000 205.00000 89.50000
## 6 7.000000 95.16667 38.33333
## 7 1.333333 103.16667 41.66667
## 8 6.250000 101.00000 27.00000
## 9 2.000000 162.50000 72.50000
## 10 11.900000 168.20000 52.00000
## B_avg_opp_GROUND_att B_avg_opp_GROUND_landed B_avg_opp_HEAD_att
## 1 0.600000 0.2000000 39.60000
## 2 8.100000 6.9000000 97.70000
## 3 1.741935 0.9354839 67.64516
## 4 1.750000 1.2500000 82.50000
## 5 0.000000 0.0000000 152.50000
## 6 5.166667 3.5000000 86.66667
## 7 1.666667 1.1666667 88.83333
## 8 4.750000 3.5000000 90.00000
## 9 0.000000 0.0000000 123.50000
## 10 1.700000 1.2000000 149.50000
## B_avg_opp_HEAD_landed B_avg_opp_KD B_avg_opp_LEG_att R_avg_PASS R_avg_REV
## 1 9.40000 0.2000000 6.80000 1.2000000 0.00000000
## 2 30.80000 0.1000000 11.90000 1.7142857 0.14285714
## 3 25.48387 0.2258065 9.16129 0.3333333 0.13333333
## 4 21.50000 0.2500000 7.25000 0.1250000 0.00000000
## 5 56.50000 0.0000000 10.50000 0.2500000 0.00000000
## 6 33.16667 0.0000000 11.33333 7.7500000 0.00000000
## 7 32.33333 0.0000000 5.50000 1.5000000 0.08333333
## 8 23.50000 0.0000000 5.00000 0.7777778 0.11111111
## 9 42.75000 0.0000000 23.00000 0.6666667 0.40000000
## 10 38.70000 0.0000000 12.00000 0.0000000 0.00000000
## R_avg_SIG_STR_att R_avg_SIG_STR_landed R_avg_SIG_STR_pct R_avg_SUB_ATT
## 1 101.4000 44.00000 0.4660000 0.1000000
## 2 115.8571 59.42857 0.5757143 0.4285714
## 3 124.3333 55.46667 0.4300000 1.0000000
## 4 111.7500 45.75000 0.3662500 0.0000000
## 5 62.2500 32.50000 0.5450000 0.0000000
## 6 58.0000 42.75000 0.6375000 0.5000000
## 7 102.6667 52.25000 0.4900000 0.7500000
## 8 187.1111 73.55556 0.3800000 0.0000000
## 9 68.4000 32.26667 0.4780000 0.6666667
## 10 256.3333 105.66667 0.4033333 0.0000000
## R_avg_TD_att R_avg_TD_landed R_avg_TD_pct R_avg_TOTAL_STR_att
## 1 5.3000000 1.9000000 0.45800000 129.9000
## 2 5.1428571 2.4285714 0.60142857 161.5714
## 3 0.9333333 0.4000000 0.27733333 133.0000
## 4 2.2500000 0.6250000 0.10375000 117.3750
## 5 0.5000000 0.0000000 0.00000000 63.5000
## 6 5.5000000 4.5000000 0.81750000 101.5000
## 7 5.3333333 1.7500000 0.41750000 138.3333
## 8 0.7777778 0.1111111 0.05555556 211.2222
## 9 3.7333333 1.0666667 0.30133333 80.0000
## 10 0.3333333 0.0000000 0.00000000 260.6667
## R_avg_TOTAL_STR_landed R_longest_win_streak R_losses R_avg_opp_BODY_att
## 1 69.10000 4 2 13.300000
## 2 102.85714 2 2 24.571429
## 3 63.40000 11 1 14.466667
## 4 50.75000 5 2 20.250000
## 5 32.75000 3 1 6.250000
## 6 80.50000 4 0 3.000000
## 7 85.75000 4 3 8.916667
## 8 95.00000 3 4 26.222222
## 9 43.53333 4 5 9.000000
## 10 109.00000 3 0 21.333333
## R_avg_opp_BODY_landed R_avg_opp_CLINCH_att R_avg_opp_CLINCH_landed
## 1 8.800000 7.500000 5.1000000
## 2 14.142857 10.571429 7.8571429
## 3 8.133333 2.800000 0.7333333
## 4 13.375000 6.875000 5.6250000
## 5 4.750000 4.500000 3.5000000
## 6 2.250000 3.500000 3.0000000
## 7 4.666667 5.750000 4.0000000
## 8 14.666667 20.555556 14.1111111
## 9 5.800000 7.466667 5.1333333
## 10 11.333333 10.000000 6.0000000
## R_avg_opp_DISTANCE_att R_avg_opp_DISTANCE_landed R_avg_opp_GROUND_att
## 1 90.50000 26.80000 0.800000
## 2 98.57143 32.57143 6.428571
## 3 91.06667 32.20000 4.866667
## 4 103.12500 38.50000 0.875000
## 5 42.75000 16.25000 7.750000
## 6 5.75000 2.00000 2.000000
## 7 51.00000 12.91667 1.833333
## 8 133.11111 51.66667 1.666667
## 9 59.86667 21.26667 3.466667
## 10 175.33333 53.00000 3.666667
## R_avg_opp_GROUND_landed R_avg_opp_HEAD_att R_avg_opp_HEAD_landed
## 1 0.300000 76.10000 17.300000
## 2 4.285714 61.85714 12.428571
## 3 2.800000 78.26667 23.200000
## 4 0.750000 77.37500 20.375000
## 5 2.750000 43.25000 14.000000
## 6 1.500000 8.00000 4.000000
## 7 1.166667 43.41667 8.916667
## 8 1.555556 110.11111 38.222222
## 9 2.866667 56.13333 19.266667
## 10 1.666667 160.00000 42.333333
## R_avg_opp_KD R_avg_opp_LEG_att
## 1 0.1000000 9.400000
## 2 0.0000000 29.142857
## 3 0.2666667 6.000000
## 4 0.1250000 13.250000
## 5 0.2500000 5.500000
## 6 0.0000000 0.250000
## 7 0.2500000 6.250000
## 8 0.1111111 19.000000
## 9 0.2000000 5.666667
## 10 0.0000000 7.666667變數型態
str(ufc)## 'data.frame': 5144 obs. of 50 variables:
## $ B_avg_PASS : num 0.4 0.8 0.935 0.5 0 ...
## $ B_avg_REV : num 0 0 0.0968 0.25 0 ...
## $ B_avg_SIG_STR_att : num 65.4 138.9 97 136.2 203.5 ...
## $ B_avg_SIG_STR_landed : num 22.6 51.3 46.8 70.2 61.5 ...
## $ B_avg_SIG_STR_pct : num 0.466 0.399 0.496 0.55 0.31 ...
## $ B_avg_SUB_ATT : num 0.4 0.7 0.355 0.25 0 ...
## $ B_avg_TD_att : num 0.8 1 2.16 2.5 0 ...
## $ B_avg_TD_landed : num 0.2 0.5 0.677 1.25 0 ...
## $ B_avg_TD_pct : num 0.1 0.225 0.295 0.287 0 ...
## $ B_avg_TOTAL_STR_att : num 66.4 158.7 103.7 154.8 204 ...
## $ B_avg_TOTAL_STR_landed : num 23.6 69.6 52.5 86.8 62 ...
## $ B_longest_win_streak : int 4 3 8 4 1 4 4 1 2 1 ...
## $ B_losses : int 1 6 8 0 1 2 4 2 1 6 ...
## $ B_avg_opp_BODY_att : num 6.4 13 17.9 12.2 42.5 ...
## $ B_avg_opp_BODY_landed : num 4 9.3 11.9 6 23.5 ...
## $ B_avg_opp_CLINCH_att : num 1 12.8 8.42 6 0.5 ...
## $ B_avg_opp_CLINCH_landed : num 0.6 9.6 5.84 3.75 0.5 ...
## $ B_avg_opp_DISTANCE_att : num 51.2 101.7 84.5 94.2 205 ...
## $ B_avg_opp_DISTANCE_landed: num 17.4 32 38.1 26.8 89.5 ...
## $ B_avg_opp_GROUND_att : num 0.6 8.1 1.74 1.75 0 ...
## $ B_avg_opp_GROUND_landed : num 0.2 6.9 0.935 1.25 0 ...
## $ B_avg_opp_HEAD_att : num 39.6 97.7 67.6 82.5 152.5 ...
## $ B_avg_opp_HEAD_landed : num 9.4 30.8 25.5 21.5 56.5 ...
## $ B_avg_opp_KD : num 0.2 0.1 0.226 0.25 0 ...
## $ B_avg_opp_LEG_att : num 6.8 11.9 9.16 7.25 10.5 ...
## $ R_avg_PASS : num 1.2 1.714 0.333 0.125 0.25 ...
## $ R_avg_REV : num 0 0.143 0.133 0 0 ...
## $ R_avg_SIG_STR_att : num 101.4 115.9 124.3 111.8 62.2 ...
## $ R_avg_SIG_STR_landed : num 44 59.4 55.5 45.8 32.5 ...
## $ R_avg_SIG_STR_pct : num 0.466 0.576 0.43 0.366 0.545 ...
## $ R_avg_SUB_ATT : num 0.1 0.429 1 0 0 ...
## $ R_avg_TD_att : num 5.3 5.143 0.933 2.25 0.5 ...
## $ R_avg_TD_landed : num 1.9 2.429 0.4 0.625 0 ...
## $ R_avg_TD_pct : num 0.458 0.601 0.277 0.104 0 ...
## $ R_avg_TOTAL_STR_att : num 129.9 161.6 133 117.4 63.5 ...
## $ R_avg_TOTAL_STR_landed : num 69.1 102.9 63.4 50.8 32.8 ...
## $ R_longest_win_streak : int 4 2 11 5 3 4 4 3 4 3 ...
## $ R_losses : int 2 2 1 2 1 0 3 4 5 0 ...
## $ R_avg_opp_BODY_att : num 13.3 24.57 14.47 20.25 6.25 ...
## $ R_avg_opp_BODY_landed : num 8.8 14.14 8.13 13.38 4.75 ...
## $ R_avg_opp_CLINCH_att : num 7.5 10.57 2.8 6.88 4.5 ...
## $ R_avg_opp_CLINCH_landed : num 5.1 7.857 0.733 5.625 3.5 ...
## $ R_avg_opp_DISTANCE_att : num 90.5 98.6 91.1 103.1 42.8 ...
## $ R_avg_opp_DISTANCE_landed: num 26.8 32.6 32.2 38.5 16.2 ...
## $ R_avg_opp_GROUND_att : num 0.8 6.429 4.867 0.875 7.75 ...
## $ R_avg_opp_GROUND_landed : num 0.3 4.29 2.8 0.75 2.75 ...
## $ R_avg_opp_HEAD_att : num 76.1 61.9 78.3 77.4 43.2 ...
## $ R_avg_opp_HEAD_landed : num 17.3 12.4 23.2 20.4 14 ...
## $ R_avg_opp_KD : num 0.1 0 0.267 0.125 0.25 ...
## $ R_avg_opp_LEG_att : num 9.4 29.1 6 13.2 5.5 ...摘要統計量
summary(ufc)## B_avg_PASS B_avg_REV B_avg_SIG_STR_att B_avg_SIG_STR_landed
## Min. : 0.000 Min. :0.0000 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.: 0.200 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.: 38.50 1st Qu.: 17.25
## Median : 1.000 Median :0.0000 Median : 63.00 Median : 28.26
## Mean : 1.278 Mean :0.1692 Mean : 70.15 Mean : 30.66
## 3rd Qu.: 1.879 3rd Qu.:0.2500 3rd Qu.: 94.53 3rd Qu.: 40.83
## Max. :15.000 Max. :3.0000 Max. :299.00 Max. :154.00
## NA's :1265 NA's :1265 NA's :1265 NA's :1265
## B_avg_SIG_STR_pct B_avg_SUB_ATT B_avg_TD_att B_avg_TD_landed
## Min. :0.0000 Min. :0.0000 Min. : 0.0000 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.:0.3875 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.: 0.8819 1st Qu.: 0.25
## Median :0.4550 Median :0.3333 Median : 2.0000 Median : 1.00
## Mean :0.4563 Mean :0.5481 Mean : 2.8049 Mean : 1.19
## 3rd Qu.:0.5240 3rd Qu.:0.9000 3rd Qu.: 4.0000 3rd Qu.: 1.75
## Max. :1.0000 Max. :8.0000 Max. :19.0000 Max. :10.00
## NA's :1265 NA's :1265 NA's :1265 NA's :1265
## B_avg_TD_pct B_avg_TOTAL_STR_att B_avg_TOTAL_STR_landed
## Min. :0.0000 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.:0.1000 1st Qu.: 57.78 1st Qu.: 31.00
## Median :0.3000 Median : 87.50 Median : 47.67
## Mean :0.3155 Mean : 92.64 Mean : 50.71
## 3rd Qu.:0.4861 3rd Qu.:122.65 3rd Qu.: 66.50
## Max. :1.0000 Max. :360.00 Max. :230.00
## NA's :1265 NA's :1265 NA's :1265
## B_longest_win_streak B_losses B_avg_opp_BODY_att B_avg_opp_BODY_landed
## Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.: 0.000 1st Qu.: 0.000 1st Qu.: 3.358 1st Qu.: 2.333
## Median : 1.000 Median : 1.000 Median : 7.000 Median : 4.600
## Mean : 1.588 Mean : 1.464 Mean : 8.297 Mean : 5.639
## 3rd Qu.: 2.000 3rd Qu.: 2.000 3rd Qu.:11.639 3rd Qu.: 7.714
## Max. :16.000 Max. :13.000 Max. :61.000 Max. :48.000
## NA's :1265 NA's :1265
## B_avg_opp_CLINCH_att B_avg_opp_CLINCH_landed B_avg_opp_DISTANCE_att
## Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.: 2.857 1st Qu.: 1.667 1st Qu.: 21.41
## Median : 5.909 Median : 3.667 Median : 43.67
## Mean : 7.455 Mean : 4.922 Mean : 51.88
## 3rd Qu.: 10.000 3rd Qu.: 6.667 3rd Qu.: 71.78
## Max. :105.000 Max. :84.000 Max. :361.00
## NA's :1265 NA's :1265 NA's :1265
## B_avg_opp_DISTANCE_landed B_avg_opp_GROUND_att B_avg_opp_GROUND_landed
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.: 7.00 1st Qu.: 1.667 1st Qu.: 1.000
## Median : 14.67 Median : 4.714 Median : 3.000
## Mean : 18.23 Mean : 7.100 Mean : 4.633
## 3rd Qu.: 25.32 3rd Qu.: 9.454 3rd Qu.: 6.000
## Max. :150.00 Max. :94.000 Max. :84.000
## NA's :1265 NA's :1265 NA's :1265
## B_avg_opp_HEAD_att B_avg_opp_HEAD_landed B_avg_opp_KD B_avg_opp_LEG_att
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.000 Min. :0.0000 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.: 27.00 1st Qu.: 8.857 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.: 2.143
## Median : 46.57 Median : 15.000 Median :0.0000 Median : 4.800
## Mean : 52.09 Mean : 17.368 Mean :0.1609 Mean : 6.048
## 3rd Qu.: 69.20 3rd Qu.: 23.000 3rd Qu.:0.2500 3rd Qu.: 8.114
## Max. :335.00 Max. :126.000 Max. :3.0000 Max. :57.000
## NA's :1265 NA's :1265 NA's :1265 NA's :1265
## R_avg_PASS R_avg_REV R_avg_SIG_STR_att R_avg_SIG_STR_landed
## Min. : 0.0000 Min. :0.0000 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.: 0.3333 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.: 42.52 1st Qu.: 19.50
## Median : 1.0000 Median :0.0000 Median : 64.18 Median : 28.71
## Mean : 1.4136 Mean :0.1533 Mean : 71.31 Mean : 31.40
## 3rd Qu.: 2.0000 3rd Qu.:0.2133 3rd Qu.: 95.25 3rd Qu.: 41.50
## Max. :14.0000 Max. :3.0000 Max. :298.50 Max. :141.00
## NA's :650 NA's :650 NA's :650 NA's :650
## R_avg_SIG_STR_pct R_avg_SUB_ATT R_avg_TD_att R_avg_TD_landed
## Min. :0.0000 Min. :0.0000 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.:0.3933 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.: 1.000 1st Qu.: 0.375
## Median :0.4570 Median :0.3750 Median : 2.333 Median : 1.000
## Mean :0.4638 Mean :0.5431 Mean : 3.027 Mean : 1.305
## 3rd Qu.:0.5300 3rd Qu.:0.8451 3rd Qu.: 4.333 3rd Qu.: 2.000
## Max. :1.0000 Max. :9.0000 Max. :30.000 Max. :11.000
## NA's :650 NA's :650 NA's :650 NA's :650
## R_avg_TD_pct R_avg_TOTAL_STR_att R_avg_TOTAL_STR_landed
## Min. :0.0000 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.:0.1650 1st Qu.: 61.16 1st Qu.: 33.61
## Median :0.3221 Median : 89.79 Median : 48.52
## Mean :0.3336 Mean : 93.84 Mean : 51.52
## 3rd Qu.:0.4900 3rd Qu.:121.00 3rd Qu.: 65.40
## Max. :1.0000 Max. :325.50 Max. :202.50
## NA's :650 NA's :650 NA's :650
## R_longest_win_streak R_losses R_avg_opp_BODY_att R_avg_opp_BODY_landed
## Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.: 1.000 1st Qu.: 0.000 1st Qu.: 3.600 1st Qu.: 2.500
## Median : 2.000 Median : 1.000 Median : 7.000 Median : 4.800
## Mean : 2.254 Mean : 1.951 Mean : 8.157 Mean : 5.499
## 3rd Qu.: 3.000 3rd Qu.: 3.000 3rd Qu.:11.495 3rd Qu.: 7.500
## Max. :16.000 Max. :14.000 Max. :75.000 Max. :41.000
## NA's :650 NA's :650
## R_avg_opp_CLINCH_att R_avg_opp_CLINCH_landed R_avg_opp_DISTANCE_att
## Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.: 3.000 1st Qu.: 2.000 1st Qu.: 23.50
## Median : 6.000 Median : 3.833 Median : 45.00
## Mean : 7.345 Mean : 4.813 Mean : 52.16
## 3rd Qu.: 9.744 3rd Qu.: 6.352 3rd Qu.: 73.00
## Max. :82.000 Max. :51.000 Max. :440.00
## NA's :650 NA's :650 NA's :650
## R_avg_opp_DISTANCE_landed R_avg_opp_GROUND_att R_avg_opp_GROUND_landed
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.: 7.50 1st Qu.: 1.750 1st Qu.: 1.000
## Median : 14.81 Median : 4.750 Median : 3.000
## Mean : 17.89 Mean : 6.611 Mean : 4.273
## 3rd Qu.: 25.00 3rd Qu.: 9.000 3rd Qu.: 5.893
## Max. :144.00 Max. :104.000 Max. :53.000
## NA's :650 NA's :650 NA's :650
## R_avg_opp_HEAD_att R_avg_opp_HEAD_landed R_avg_opp_KD R_avg_opp_LEG_att
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. :0.000 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.: 28.25 1st Qu.: 9.00 1st Qu.:0.000 1st Qu.: 2.431
## Median : 46.67 Median : 14.83 Median :0.000 Median : 4.931
## Mean : 52.00 Mean : 16.86 Mean :0.154 Mean : 5.958
## 3rd Qu.: 69.33 3rd Qu.: 22.48 3rd Qu.:0.250 3rd Qu.: 8.000
## Max. :400.00 Max. :132.00 Max. :3.000 Max. :63.000
## NA's :650 NA's :650 NA's :650 NA's :650觀察各變數的摘要統計量，可發現以下3個狀況：
- 每個變數的最小值皆為0，推測是有些比賽為選手的生涯首戰，因此相關的數據皆為0。
- 有些與攻擊相關的變數如’avg_TOTAL_STR_att’, ’avg_SIG_STR_att’其最大值達到300(平均值則在100內)，也就是選手在一場比賽嘗試向對手出拳300次。該值是否為離群值，需進一步觀察該場比賽的資料以及查閱相關新聞。
- 與藍方有關的變數，除了’longest_win_streak’以及’loses’外，其餘皆有遺失值，且都遺失了1265個觀察值；與紅方有關的變數，除了’longest_win_streak’以及’loses’外，其餘皆有遺失值，且都遺失了650個觀察值。
載入Package ‘DataExplorer’
library('DataExplorer')單變量分析
plot_histogram(ufc,nrow = 5,ncol = 4)
由直方圖可發現，無論是與進攻還是防守有關的變數，幾乎都呈右偏分佈。與進攻有關的變數，推測是因為只有極少數選手的實力強到能在比賽中完全壓制對方而不斷進攻，所以進攻次數或嘗試進攻次數分佈的右尾特別長。與防守有關的變數，可分成兩類來看。第一類為“歷史場均被對手…的次數”，這類變數其實只要調換立場站在對手的角度來看，就會變成與進攻有關的變數，其呈現右偏的理由就如前所述。第二類為’avg_REV’, ’avg_SUB_att’這兩個變數，其數值為0的頻率皆為最高，且數值範圍皆不大(’avg_REV’幾乎都在1以內，’avg_SUB_att’幾乎都在2以內)，推測是因為：
a. 選手要從劣勢位轉到優勢位並不是簡單的事。
b. 選手不會輕易要求投降，就算要求投降，裁判也很少在選手提出超過2次投降要求後還不結束比賽的。
造成分佈呈現右偏。
plot_qq(ufc,nrow = 5,ncol = 4)## Warning: Removed 22770 rows containing non-finite values (stat_qq).## Warning: Removed 22770 rows containing non-finite values (stat_qq_line).
## Warning: Removed 14775 rows containing non-finite values (stat_qq).## Warning: Removed 14775 rows containing non-finite values (stat_qq_line).
## Warning: Removed 6500 rows containing non-finite values (stat_qq).## Warning: Removed 6500 rows containing non-finite values (stat_qq_line).
從分位圖可再次驗證，無論是與進攻還是防守有關的變數，幾乎都呈右偏分佈。
多變量分析
plot_correlation(ufc,cor_args = list( 'use' = 'complete.obs'))
由關聯圖可發現，”Significance Strike嘗試次數“與“Significance Strike成功次數”、“Significance Strike嘗試次數”與“嘗試打擊次數”、“Significance Strike成功次數”與“嘗試打擊次數”這幾對變數毫無疑問有極高度相關，之後或許只需保留其中幾個即可。
此外，“被對手嘗試朝頭部進行Significance Strike的次數”與“被對手嘗試在遠距離時進行Significance Strike的次數”也有極高度相關，推測是有大量在遠距離朝對手頭部進行Significance Strike的事件發生所造成。